Matrix Subtraction Java Program

In this tutorial, we will explore how to write a Java Program for Matrix Subtraction, a process where corresponding elements of two matrices are subtracted index by index. Understanding matrix subtraction in Java not only strengthens your grasp of core programming concepts but also prepares you for solving real-world problems that rely on efficient handling of multidimensional data structures.

Understanding Matrix Subtraction

When you subtract two matrices subtraction is performed element by element, also known as index-wise subtraction. This means the element at position (0,0) in the first matrix is subtracted from the element at (0,0) in the second matrix, the element at (0,1) in the first matrix is subtracted from the element at (0,1) in the second matrix, and so on across all rows and columns.

For example, when subtracting two matrices of order 3x3, each corresponding element is processed individually to produce the resulting matrix.

Which results in-

When working on a Java Program for Matrix Subtraction, it’s important to remember a few key rules to ensure accurate results.

Both matrices must be of the same size (same number of rows and columns).
The resultant matrix will also have the same order as the input matrices.
Each element in the resultant matrix is obtained by subtracting the corresponding element of the second matrix from the first. For example, the element at (0,0) in the first matrix minus the element at (0,0) in the second matrix becomes the element at (0,0) in the resultant matrix.

Matrix subtraction Java program

 
import java.util.Scanner;

public class MatrixSubtraction {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int rowM, colM;
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    
    System.out.print("Enter Number of Rows and Columns of Matrix : ");
    rowM = in.nextInt();
    colM = in.nextInt();
        
    int M1[][] = new int[rowM][colM];
    int M2[][] = new int[rowM][colM];
    int resMatrix[][] = new int[rowM][colM];
    
    System.out.print("Enter elements of First Matrix : ");
    
    for(int i = 0; i < rowM; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        M1[i][j] = in.nextInt();
      }
    }
    System.out.println("First Matrix : " );
    for(int i = 0; i < rowM; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        System.out.print(" " +M1[i][j]+"\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
        
    System.out.print("Enter elements of Second Matrix : ");
    
    for(int i = 0; i < rowM; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        M2[i][j] = in.nextInt();
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Second Matrix : " );
    for(int i = 0; i < rowM; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        System.out.print(" " +M2[i][j] + "\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
        
    // Subtraction logic 
    for(int i = 0; i < rowM; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        resMatrix[i][j] = M1[i][j] - M2[i][j];
      }
    }
        
    // Printing the result matrix 
    System.out.println("Result Matrix : " );
    for(int i = 0; i < resMatrix.length; i++){
      for(int j = 0; j < colM; j++){
        System.out.print(" " +resMatrix[i][j]+"\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
  }
}

Output

 
Enter Number of Rows and Columns of Matrix : 3 3

Enter elements of First Matrix : 1 3 4 2 5 6 4 3 2

First Matrix : 
 1  3  4 
 2  5  6 
 4  3  2
 
Enter elements of Second Matrix : 2 7 1 0 4 6 9 8 1

Second Matrix : 
 2  7  1 
 0  4  6 
 9  8  1
 
Result Matrix : 
 -1  -4  3 
  2   1  0 
 -5  -5  1

That's all for this topic Matrix Subtraction Java Program. If you have any doubt or any suggestions to make please drop a comment. Thanks!

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